Dexamethasone

Description

Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid medication used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. It works by mimicking the effects of naturally occurring hormones produced in the adrenal glands, thus providing relief for various medical conditions.

Uses / Indications

• Inflammatory conditions (e.g., arthritis, skin disorders)
• Allergic reactions and severe allergies
• Asthma and other respiratory conditions
• Certain types of cancer (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma)
• Adrenal insufficiency (in supplement form)
• Postoperative inflammation

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The dosage varies widely based on the condition being treated; typically ranges from 0.5 mg to 20 mg once daily, administered orally or injectably.

Children:
Dosage is determined by body weight and the specific condition, usually calculated based on mg/kg and should be guided by a healthcare provider.

Note: Always follow your doctor’s advice regarding dosage.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Dexamethasone acts by binding to glucocorticoid receptors and modulating gene expression, leading to decreased production of inflammatory mediators and thereby reducing inflammation and immune responses.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Increased appetite and weight gain
• Mood changes (e.g., anxiety, irritability)
• Insomnia
• Fluid retention and swelling

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Vision problems (glaucoma, cataracts)
• Gastrointestinal issues (ulcers, bleeding)

Consult a healthcare provider if serious side effects develop.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have current or history of infections, liver disease, diabetes, or osteoporosis
• Use caution with live vaccines, as corticosteroids can weaken the immune response
• Monitor closely if pregnant or breastfeeding

Drug Interactions

Dexamethasone may interact with:

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Certain antifungal and antiviral medications
• Medications that alter the effects of liver enzymes

Always notify your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (15°C–30°C / 59°F–86°F)
• Protect from moisture and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double the dose.

Overdose symptoms:

• Increased blood pressure
• Severe emotional changes (e.g., depression, euphoria)
• Severe gastrointestinal issues

If overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention.

Contraindications

• Allergy to Dexamethasone or other corticosteroids
• Serious infections that have not been treated

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Decadron
• DexPak
• Maxidex
• Generic name: Dexamethasone