Loratadine

Description

Loratadine is a second-generation, long-acting antihistamine that effectively alleviates allergy symptoms without causing significant drowsiness. It works by inhibiting the action of histamine, a substance produced by the body during allergic reactions, thus providing relief from various allergic conditions.

Uses / Indications

• Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
• Perennial allergic rhinitis
• Chronic idiopathic urticaria (persistent hives)
• Symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes
• Itchy throat or nose
• Skin allergies resulting in itching or rashes

Dosage and Administration

Adults and children 6 years and older:
The standard dosage is 10 mg once daily, which typically corresponds to 1 tablet or 10 mL of syrup.

Children aged 2–5 years:
A lower dosage of 5 mg once daily is appropriate, usually in the form of 5 mL of syrup or ½ tablet if suitable.

Note: Dosage may vary depending on medical conditions and the prescribing physician’s recommendations.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Loratadine selectively antagonizes peripheral H1 histamine receptors, effectively blocking histamine from binding and thus mitigating allergy symptoms. Its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier contributes to a reduction in drowsiness compared to first-generation antihistamines.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Headache
• Fatigue or mild drowsiness (less common than traditional antihistamines)
• Dry mouth
• Stomach upset

Rare/serious side effects:

• Rapid or irregular heartbeats
• Severe allergic reactions (including rash, swelling, dizziness)
• Jaundice (extremely rare)

Seek immediate medical attention if any serious side effects manifest.

Precautions / Warnings

• Notify your healthcare provider if you have liver disease, kidney problems, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Exercise caution when combining with medications that may cause drowsiness.
• Discontinuation may be necessary prior to allergy skin testing to avoid influencing results.

Drug Interactions

Loratadine may interact with the following:

• Alcohol (which may enhance its sedative effects)
• Other antihistamines
• Certain antibiotics or antifungal medications (rare occurrences)
• Drugs affecting liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about all other medications or supplements you are currently taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Avoid exposure to moisture, heat, and direct sunlight
• Do not freeze liquid forms of the medication
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
If you remember, take it as soon as possible. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed one and do not double up.

Overdose symptoms may include:

• Severe drowsiness
• Rapid heartbeat
• Headache
• Nausea

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical assistance immediately if you suspect an overdose.

Contraindications

• Known allergy to Loratadine or its active metabolite, desloratadine
• History of severe reactions to antihistamines

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Claritin
• Alavert
• Loridin
• Clarityn (available internationally)
• Generic name: Loratadine