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Promethazine

Promethazine 12.5mg, 25mg, 50mg

Promethazine is an antihistamine commonly used to treat allergies, motion sickness, and nausea. It works by blocking the action of histamine in the body, helping to reduce symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Additionally, Promethazine has sedative properties, making it effective for managing sleep disturbances and anxiety. It is often prescribed for various conditions, including allergic reactions and postoperative nausea, but can cause drowsiness in many users.

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Description

Promethazine is a first-generation antihistamine that is primarily used for its sedative and antiemetic properties. It is effective in relieving allergy symptoms, nausea, and vomiting, while also providing sedation. It works by blocking histamine, a natural substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction, and has additional effects on the central nervous system.

Uses / Indications

  • Allergic reactions (including seasonal and perennial allergies)
  • Motion sickness
  • Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting
  • Sedation prior to surgery or medical procedures
  • Treatment of symptoms associated with common cold (e.g., runny nose, sneezing)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical dose for allergies or motion sickness is 25-50 mg taken orally at bedtime, or as directed by a physician.

Children aged 2-5 years:
The usual dose is 6.25 mg (1/2 tablet or equivalent syrup) taken every 6-8 hours as needed, usually not exceeding three doses in 24 hours.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Promethazine functions by blocking the H1 histamine receptors in the body, thereby reducing the effects of histamine and alleviating allergy symptoms. It also depresses the central nervous system to produce sedative effects, which can help in managing nausea and providing sleep aid.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Drowsiness or sedation
  • Dry mouth
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Blurred vision

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
  • Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)
  • Seizures

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Discuss with your doctor if you have asthma, glaucoma, or urinary retention.
  • Caution is advised when combining with alcohol or other medications that cause sedation.
  • May interfere with allergy skin testing; discontinue use a few days before testing.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

  • Alcohol (may increase sedative effects)
  • Other antihistamines
  • Opioids or other CNS depressants (increased risk of sedation)
  • Medications used for seizures

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
  • Do not freeze liquid forms
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Extreme drowsiness
  • Confusion
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Hallucinations

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Promethazine or other phenothiazines
  • Children under 2 years old (due to risk of severe respiratory depression)

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Phenergan
  • Promethegan
  • Generic name: Promethazine