Theophylline

Description

Theophylline is a medication commonly used to treat symptoms of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory conditions. It works by relaxing the muscles of the airways, leading to improved airflow and easier breathing by increasing the levels of a substance called cyclic AMP in the lungs.

Uses / Indications

• Asthma management
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Apnea of prematurity in infants
• Improving lung function in respiratory disorders

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical dose ranges from 300 mg to 900 mg per day, divided into two or three doses. Dosage may vary based on individual response and therapeutic goals.

Children:
Dosage is usually based on weight and must be determined by a healthcare provider. Theophylline should be used carefully in children due to potential side effects.

Note: Always follow your doctor’s recommendations for dosage adjustments and administration.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Theophylline acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which leads to increased levels of cyclic AMP in lung tissue. This results in the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, dilation of air passages, and improved airflow, making it easier to breathe.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Insomnia
• Headaches
• Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Life-threatening irregular heartbeats
• Seizures

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Consult your doctor if you have heart disease, liver disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Use caution if combining with caffeine, certain antidepressants, or other medications that may interact.
• Regular blood tests may be required to monitor theophylline levels.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Certain antibiotics (like erythromycin)
• Anticonvulsants
• Caffeine (may increase side effects)
• Other medications that affect the liver enzymes responsible for metabolizing theophylline

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Rapid heart rate
• Restlessness or insomnia

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to theophylline or any of its components
• Uncontrolled arrhythmias
• History of seizures unless under medical supervision

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Theo-Dur
• Theochron
• Theolair
• Generic name: Theophylline