Azithromycin

Description

Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide class of medications. It is commonly used to treat various bacterial infections by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which ultimately leads to their death. Azithromycin is known for its effectiveness, convenient dosing schedule, and relatively mild side effect profile compared to other antibiotics.

Uses / Indications

• Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis)
• Ear infections (otitis media)
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea)
• Sinus infections (sinusitis)
• Prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with HIV

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Typical dosing is 500 mg on the first day, followed by 250 mg once daily for the next four days for infections (commonly a 5-day course).

Children (based on weight):
10 mg/kg for the first dose, followed by 5 mg/kg daily. Dosage typically should not exceed 500 mg per day.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the specific infection, age, and doctor’s recommendations.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Azithromycin works by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, inhibiting protein synthesis. This action disrupts bacterial growth and replication, effectively treating the infection.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue

Rare/serious side effects:

• Liver enzyme abnormalities
• Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Severe diarrhea (associated with Clostridium difficile infection)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of liver disease, heart problems, or allergic reactions to antibiotics.
• Use with caution if taking medications that affect heart rhythm.
• Monitor for signs of allergic reactions or severe gastrointestinal distress.

Drug Interactions

Azithromycin may interact with:

• Antacids (may reduce absorption if taken simultaneously)
• Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin, may enhance anticoagulant effect)
• Certain antihistamines (e.g., astemizole, terfenadine, may cause heart problems)
• Medications that affect liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you are taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of consciousness

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to azithromycin or similar antibiotics (macrolides)
• History of jaundice or liver problems related to prior azithromycin use

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Zithromax
• Z-Pak
• Azithro
• Apo-Azithromycin
• Generic name: Azithromycin