Cefuroxime

Description

Cefuroxime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the class of cephalosporins. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, effectively stopping the growth of bacteria. Cefuroxime works against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is often employed when other treatments may not be suitable.

Uses / Indications

• Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, including pneumonia and bronchitis
• Skin infections (such as cellulitis)
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Ear infections (otitis media)
• Gonorrhea
• Bone and joint infections (such as osteomyelitis)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical dosage ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg taken twice daily, depending on the type and severity of the infection.

Children:
The dosage is usually based on the child’s weight, with a common range of 20-30 mg/kg/day divided into two doses.

Note: Dosage may vary depending on the specific infection and the doctor’s recommendation.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Cefuroxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential for bacterial growth and division. This action effectively halts the replication of bacteria, helping to control and eliminate the infection.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Rash or itchy skin
• Mild abdominal pain

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Severe diarrhea (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea)
• Liver dysfunction (jaundice)
• Blood disorders (such as thrombocytopenia or anemia)

Seek immediate medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have allergies to penicillins or other cephalosporins
• Use with caution if you have a history of kidney disease
• May interfere with certain laboratory tests (e.g., glucose tests)

Drug Interactions

Cefuroxime may interact with:

• Anticoagulants (blood thinners) – increased bleeding risk
• Probenecid – may increase cefuroxime levels in the blood
• Aminoglycoside antibiotics – increased risk of kidney damage

Always inform your healthcare provider about other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from excess moisture, heat, and light
• Liquid forms should be refrigerated and used within a certain period as specified by your pharmacist
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe allergic reactions
• Nausea or vomiting
• Severe diarrhea
• Confusion or dizziness

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately if overdose is suspected.

Contraindications

• Known allergy to Cefuroxime or other cephalosporin antibiotics
• Previous serious allergic reaction to penicillin antibiotics

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Ceftin
• Zinacef
• Generic name: Cefuroxime