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Cephalexin

Cephalexin 250mg, 500mg

Cephalexin is an antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin class that is used to treat various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and urinary tract infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, making it effective against a wide range of gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. Cephalexin is commonly prescribed due to its efficacy and is typically taken orally, with its effects usually seen within a few days of treatment.

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Description

Cephalexin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin class. It is primarily used to treat bacterial infections by interfering with the formation of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately weakening the bacteria and leading to its destruction.

Uses / Indications

  • Skin infections (such as cellulitis)
  • Respiratory tract infections
  • Bone infections (osteomyelitis)
  • Ear infections (otitis media)
  • Urinary tract infections
  • Streptococcal throat infections

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical dosage ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 to 12 hours, depending on the severity and type of infection.

Children:
The dosage is based on the child’s weight, generally 25 to 50 mg per kg of body weight per day, divided into doses taken every 6 to 12 hours.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition, age, and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Cephalexin works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It directly targets penicillin-binding proteins, which are essential for bacteria to maintain their cell structure, leading to cell lysis and death of the susceptible bacteria.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pain
  • Headache

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
  • Severe gastrointestinal distress (such as severe diarrhea)
  • Liver problems (marked by jaundice)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Inform your doctor if you have a history of allergies to penicillins or cephalosporins.
  • Caution is advised in patients with kidney disease.
  • Long-term use may result in opportunistic infections.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

  • Probenecid (may increase blood levels of Cephalexin)
  • Anticoagulants (may enhance their effects)
  • Other antibiotics (may alter effectiveness)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
  • Refrigerate liquid forms and discard after 14 days
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Stomach pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Confusion or irritability

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately if you suspect an overdose.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Cephalexin or other cephalosporins
  • Severe reactions to penicillin antibiotics

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Keflex
  • Biocef
  • Keflex Pediatric
  • Generic name: Cephalexin