Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol 250mg, 500mg

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. It is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is particularly useful in treating serious infections like typhoid fever and bacterial meningitis when other antibiotics are not suitable. Despite its effectiveness, chloramphenicol is associated with potential side effects, including the risk of aplastic anemia, which has led to its restricted use in some cases.

Order Now

Description

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a variety of bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, ultimately leading to the elimination of the infection.

Uses / Indications

Bacterial meningitis
Typhoid fever
Eye infections (topical formulations)
Serious infections caused by sensitive bacteria (when other treatments are not suitable)
Rickettsial infections
Cholera (in some cases)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial: 500 mg to 1 g every 6 hours; dose may be adjusted based on the severity of the infection and clinical response.

Children:
Typically, 50–100 mg/kg/day divided into multiple doses, depending on the type and severity of the infection.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the individual’s medical condition and the physician’s recommendation.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Chloramphenicol exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, blocking peptide bond formation and effectively preventing the bacteria from synthesizing essential proteins. This action helps curb the growth of the bacteria, allowing the immune system to clear the infection.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Headache

Rare/serious side effects:

Aplastic anemia (bone marrow suppression)
Gray baby syndrome (in newborns)
Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

Inform your doctor if you have a history of blood disorders, liver disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding
Use with caution in patients with existing kidney problems
Avoid prolonged use due to the risk of serious side effects, especially aplastic anemia

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

Drugs that can affect bone marrow function (e.g., certain chemotherapy agents)
Anticoagulants (may enhance anticoagulant effects)
Rifampin (may affect the effectiveness of chloramphenicol)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
Reconstituted solutions should be refrigerated and used within a specified time
Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

Severe nausea or vomiting
Diarrhea
Unusual bruising or bleeding
Confusion or dizziness

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

Allergy to chloramphenicol or any other component of the formulation
Bone marrow suppression conditions, including aplastic anemia
Newborns and premature infants (risk of gray baby syndrome)

Brand Names / Alternatives

Chloromycetin
Generic name: Chloramphenicol