Ciprofloxacin

Description

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of medications. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections by inhibiting the bacteria’s DNA gyrase enzyme, which is essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.

Uses / Indications

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia)
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Infectious diarrhea caused by certain bacteria
• Anthrax prevention and treatment

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
For most infections, Ciprofloxacin is commonly prescribed at a dose of 500 mg every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days, depending on the severity and type of infection.

Renal impairment:
Dosage adjustment may be necessary for individuals with kidney issues; consult your doctor for specific guidelines.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the specific infection and a doctor’s recommendation.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are crucial for DNA unwinding and synthesis, preventing the bacteria from replicating and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Insomnia

Rare/serious side effects:

• Tendonitis or tendon rupture
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Changes in mood or mental state

Seek immediate medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of tendon problems, seizure disorders, or diabetes.
• Use caution when taking with other medications that may affect heart rhythm.
• Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless specifically advised by a physician.

Drug Interactions

Ciprofloxacin may interact with:

• Antacids (may reduce absorption)
• Warfarin (increased bleeding risk)
• Theophylline (increased risk of side effects)
• Medications affecting heart rhythm or liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness or confusion
• Severe abdominal pain

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergy to Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
• Children under 18 years of age (unless prescribed for specific conditions)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Cipro
• Cipro XR
• Ciloxan (ophthalmic formulation)
• Generics available