Clarithromycin

Description

Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, helping the body to effectively clear the infection. Clarithromycin is often prescribed for respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and certain stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori.

Uses / Indications

• Bacterial respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis)
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Sinusitis
• H. pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease
• Mycobacterial infections in patients with HIV

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical dosage is 250 mg every 12 hours, or 500 mg once daily for 7 to 14 days, depending on the infection type.

Children (age two or older):
7.5 mg/kg every 12 hours (up to a maximum of 500 mg) for 7 to 14 days, depending on the infection type.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Clarithromycin works by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, inhibiting protein synthesis, which is essential for bacterial growth and reproduction. This leads to a decrease in the bacterial population and helps the immune system to eliminate the remaining bacteria.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Taste disturbances

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Liver problems (jaundice, dark urine)
• QT prolongation (irregular heartbeats)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have a history of liver disease, kidney problems, or cardiac issues.
• Use caution if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Avoid taking with certain medications that can affect heart rhythm.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Certain anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
• Statins (may increase risk of muscle damage)
• Other antibiotics, antifungals, and medications that affect liver enzymes
• Medications that prolong QT interval

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and light
• Do not freeze liquid forms
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Increased heart rate
• Hearing disturbances

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Clarithromycin or any macrolide antibiotics
• History of liver problems related to clarithromycin or similar medications

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Biaxin
• Biaxin XL (extended release)
• Clarimox
• Fromilid
• Generic name: Clarithromycin