Clindamycin

Description

Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is effective against anaerobic bacteria and some aerobic gram-positive bacteria. Clindamycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thereby preventing the growth and replication of bacteria.

Uses / Indications

• Skin and soft tissue infections (such as cellulitis and abscesses)
• Bone infections (osteomyelitis)
• Respiratory tract infections (including sinusitis and pneumonia)
• Gynecological infections
• Dental infections (such as periodontal infections)
• Acne treatment

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The usual dosage is 150 mg to 450 mg every 6 to 8 hours, depending on the severity of the infection.

Pediatric patients (ages 1 month and older):
Dosage is based on body weight: 8 to 25 mg/kg/day divided into three or four doses.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the type of infection and the physician’s assessment.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Clindamycin binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. This action disrupts bacterial growth and reproduction, effectively treating the infection by eliminating the pathogenic bacteria.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Rash

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
• Liver dysfunction (elevated liver enzymes)

If serious side effects occur, seek immediate medical attention.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of liver disease, intestinal problems, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Use caution in patients with a history of allergic reactions to antibiotics.
• May cause diarrhea; monitor closely and report severe cases.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Neuromuscular blocking agents (may enhance effects)
• Erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics (may reduce efficacy)
• Certain medications affecting liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (15°C–30°C / 59°F–86°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Severe diarrhea
• Skin rash

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately if overdose occurs.

Contraindications

• Known hypersensitivity to clindamycin or lincomycin
• History of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Cleocin
• Clindagel (topical form)
• Clindesse (vaginal cream)
• Generic name: Clindamycin