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Ethambutol

Ethambutol 100mg

Ethambutol is an antibiotic medication primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) by inhibiting the growth of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. It is often used in combination with other anti-TB drugs to prevent the development of drug resistance. Ethambutol is effective in helping to manage active TB infections and is known for its ability to minimize the risk of transmission while aiding in the recovery of affected individuals.

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Description

Ethambutol is an antibiotic primarily used to treat tuberculosis (TB). It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, specifically targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Ethambutol is a crucial component of multidrug treatment regimens for effective management of this serious infectious disease.

Uses / Indications

  • Active tuberculosis (TB) infection
  • Part of combination therapy with other anti-TB medications
  • Sometimes used for non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections
  • Management of drug-resistant TB strains

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose is typically 15 mg/kg once daily, not to exceed 1,200 mg. Maintenance doses may range from 25 mg to 50 mg/kg based on clinical response.

Children:
Dosage is based on body weight, usually 15 mg/kg/day.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual circumstances, weight, and medical conditions; always follow your healthcare provider’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Ethambutol acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, specifically affecting the arabinogalactan layer, which is essential for the structural integrity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This action effectively slows down bacterial growth and replication.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Visual disturbances (such as blurred vision or color vision changes)
  • Nausea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Dizziness

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Ocular toxicity (such as optic neuritis)
  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
  • Hepatotoxicity (signs of liver injury)

If serious side effects occur, seek medical attention promptly.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, diabetes, or gout
  • Regular eye examinations are recommended due to the risk of visual side effects
  • Use with caution in pregnant or breastfeeding women – discuss potential risks and benefits with your doctor

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

  • Other anti-tuberculosis medications (ensure appropriate dosing)
  • Aluminum-containing antacids (may reduce efficacy of Ethambutol)
  • Certain drugs that affect liver metabolism

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Severe headache
  • Visual disturbances
  • Confusion or lethargy

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Ethambutol or any of its components
  • Patients with significant optic neuritis

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Myambutol
  • Ethambutol Hydrochloride
  • Various generics