Linezolid

Description

Linezolid is an antibiotic belonging to the oxazolidinone class, primarily used to treat serious bacterial infections. It is effective against certain types of Gram-positive bacteria, including those resistant to other antibiotics. Linezolid works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thwarting the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Uses / Indications

• Pneumonia (community-acquired and hospital-acquired)
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
• Complicated and uncomplicated infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus
• Endocarditis

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
600 mg orally every 12 hours for 10 to 14 days for most infections.

Pediatrics (children 12 years and older):
Dosage has to be determined by a healthcare provider based on weight and type of infection.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual medical conditions or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Linezolid inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, which prevents the formation of a functional ribosome. This action disrupts the process of translation in bacteria, ultimately leading to their death or inability to multiply.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Insomnia

Rare/serious side effects:

• Serotonin syndrome (particularly if combined with other medications)
• Bone marrow suppression (e.g., thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
• Peripheral neuropathy

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have a history of hypertension or if you are taking adrenergic agents (e.g., pseudoephedrine)
• Use caution if you have liver or kidney issues
• Not recommended during pregnancy unless necessary; consult your doctor

Drug Interactions

Linezolid may interact with:

• Certain antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs) leading to serotonin syndrome
• Other antibiotics (may have additive effects)
• Tyrosine-rich foods (may lead to hypertensive crisis)

Always inform your healthcare provider about other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Refrigerate the oral liquid form if applicable and use within a specified timeframe
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Severe headache
• Visual disturbances
• Confusion or agitation

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Linezolid or any of its components
• Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 2 weeks of stopping MAOIs

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Zyvox
• Linezolid (generic)