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Metronidazole

Metronidazole 500mg

Metronidazole is an antibiotic medication commonly used to treat various bacterial and parasitic infections, including conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and certain types of gastrointestinal infections like amoebiasis. It works by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, making it effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Metronidazole is often prescribed for both acute and chronic infections and is available in oral, topical, and intravenous forms, depending on the severity and type of infection being treated.

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Description

Metronidazole is an effective antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication used to treat various bacterial infections and certain parasitic infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and parasites, making it a valuable treatment option for conditions caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.

Uses / Indications

  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Trichomoniasis (a sexually transmitted infection)
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • Infections of the stomach or intestines caused by bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori)
  • Skin infections, including rosacea
  • Abscesses and infections in various body sites

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
500 mg orally, 2 to 3 times daily, depending on the infection being treated.

Children:
Dosage is weight-based, typically 15 mg/kg/day divided into 2 to 3 doses, not exceeding 500 mg total per day.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the specific medical condition and doctor’s recommendation.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Metronidazole works by entering microbial cells and interacting with their DNA, leading to the disruption of DNA synthesis and function. This ultimately kills the bacteria or parasites, effectively treating the infection.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Dry mouth or metallic taste

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
  • Neurological effects (seizures, peripheral neuropathy)
  • Liver problems (jaundice, dark urine)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Inform your doctor if you have liver disease, central nervous system disorders, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
  • Avoid alcohol during treatment and for at least 48 hours after completing therapy.
  • Monitor for neurological side effects if using high doses or for prolonged periods.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

  • Anticoagulants (warfarin may have increased effects)
  • Disulfiram (do not use within 2 weeks of each other)
  • Alcohol (can lead to severe reactions)
  • Certain anti-seizure medications

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Dizziness or confusion
  • Tingling or numbness in the extremities

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Metronidazole or related compounds
  • History of blood disorders
  • Active neurological disorders

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Flagyl
  • MetroGel
  • MetroCream
  • Noritate
  • Generic name: Metronidazole