Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin 50mg, 100mg

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by certain bacteria. It works by interfering with the bacteria’s ability to produce proteins necessary for their growth and reproduction, effectively eliminating the infection. Nitrofurantoin is often prescribed for uncomplicated UTIs and is particularly effective against common pathogens, making it a reliable choice in outpatient settings.

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Description

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic medication primarily used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and function, making it effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Uses / Indications

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections
Cystitis (bladder infection)
Prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections
Post-surgery UTI prevention
Infections caused by susceptible organisms

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
50–100 mg orally four times daily for 7 days, depending on the type and severity of the infection.

Children (ages 1 month and older):
5–7 mg/kg/day in two to four divided doses, not to exceed the adult dose.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s recommendation.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Nitrofurantoin works by inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, disrupting cell metabolism, and effectively killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, particularly those commonly associated with urinary infections.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

Nausea
Headache
Loss of appetite
Dizziness
Diarrhea

Rare/serious side effects:

Pulmonary reactions (cough, shortness of breath)
Liver damage (jaundice, dark urine)
Severe skin reactions (rash, blistering)
Peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

Inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
Avoid use in patients with a history of nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary reactions.
Monitor for signs of serious side effects, as they may require immediate cessation of therapy.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

Antacids containing magnesium trisilicate (may reduce absorption)
Certain antibiotics (may enhance or inhibit effect)
Other medications affecting kidney function

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

Severe nausea or vomiting
Confusion or disorientation
Liver or lung issues (shortness of breath, jaundice)

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

Allergic to Nitrofurantoin or any component of the formulation
Severe renal impairment

Brand Names / Alternatives

Macrobid
Macrodantin
Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate
Generic name: Nitrofurantoin