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Trimethoprim

Trimethoprim 100mg

Trimethoprim is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections, particularly urinary tract infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial growth through the interference with folic acid synthesis, which is essential for the production of DNA and RNA in bacteria. Trimethoprim is often used alone or in combination with sulfamethoxazole to enhance its efficacy against a broader range of pathogens, providing an effective treatment option for various infections.

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Description

Trimethoprim is an antibiotic that is primarily used to treat bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria, which is essential for their growth and reproduction. Trimethoprim is commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other bacterial infections.

Uses / Indications

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
  • Acute bronchitis caused by bacterial infections
  • Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (often seen in immunocompromised patients)
  • Traveler’s diarrhea
  • Certain types of ear infections (otitis media)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
100 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days, depending on the severity of the infection.

Children:
Dosage is typically based on body weight and requires a doctor’s prescription.

Note: Dosage may vary based on infection type, severity, and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Trimethoprim works by competitively inhibiting bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folate synthesis. By blocking this enzyme, Trimethoprim prevents bacteria from producing nucleic acids and ultimately leads to cell death, effectively treating bacterial infections.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Rash
  • Loss of appetite

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Severe allergic reactions (hives, swelling, difficulty breathing)
  • Blood disorders (e.g., thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis)
  • Liver problems (jaundice)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Inform your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease.
  • Use cautiously in patients with a history of drug allergies.
  • Not recommended during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary.

Drug Interactions

Trimethoprim may interact with:

  • Rifampin (may decrease effectiveness)
  • Anticoagulants (may increase bleeding risk)
  • Phenytoin (may affect blood levels)
  • Other medications that affect kidney function

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
  • Do not freeze liquid forms
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Severe rash or itching

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Trimethoprim or any component of the formulation
  • Severe liver or kidney disease

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Bactrim
  • Septra
  • Trimpex
  • Generic name: Trimethoprim