Amitriptyline

Description

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant used primarily to treat mental/mood disorders such as depression. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain, which helps improve mood, sleep, and energy levels while alleviating feelings of sadness and anxiety.

Uses / Indications

• Major depressive disorder
• Anxiety disorders
• Chronic pain management (including neuropathic pain)
• Migraine prevention
• Insomnia
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
For depression: 25 to 50 mg daily, which can be increased gradually to a maximum of 300 mg per day depending on the doctor’s recommendations.

Children (aged 12 years and older):
Starting dose is typically 10 mg to 30 mg daily, adjusted as needed.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual patient needs, medical condition, or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Amitriptyline works by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and norepinephrine, in the brain, balancing mood-enhancing chemicals and thus providing relief from depressive symptoms and pain.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Weight gain
• Blurred vision

Rare/serious side effects:

• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, dizziness)
• Thoughts of self-harm or suicide

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have a history of bipolar disorder, seizures, or heart disease
• Use caution if combining with other medications that affect serotonin levels
• May cause drowsiness; avoid activities requiring alertness until you know how the medication affects you

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Alcohol (may enhance sedative effects)
• Other antidepressants (increased risk of serotonin syndrome)
• Blood pressure medications
• Certain anticholinergic drugs

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe drowsiness
• Rapid heartbeat
• Seizures
• Confusion

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to amitriptyline or similar medications
• Recent heart attack or cardiac issues

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Elavil
• Endep
• Amitriptyline hydrochloride (generic)