Lithium

Description

Lithium is a mood-stabilizing medication primarily used to treat bipolar disorder and prevent severe mood swings associated with this condition. It helps to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes, providing patients with a more stable emotional state.

Uses / Indications

• Bipolar disorder (manic and depressive episodes)
• Major depressive disorder (as an adjunct to other medications)
• Impulsive behavior and aggression
• Preventing suicide in patients with bipolar disorder

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Typical starting dose is 300 mg taken 2 to 3 times daily; the dosage may be adjusted based on blood lithium levels and clinical response.

Children and adolescents:
Dosing should be carefully determined by a healthcare provider based on individual needs and ongoing monitoring.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition, blood levels, and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Lithium is thought to stabilize mood by influencing the flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. It acts on various neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are involved in mood regulation.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Weight gain
• Increased thirst and urination
• Tremors
• Fatigue
• Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, diarrhea)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Kidney problems (elevated creatinine levels)
• Thyroid problems (hypothyroidism)
• Neurological symptoms (confusion, seizures)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor lithium levels, kidney function, and thyroid function.
• Inform your doctor if you have kidney or thyroid problems, heart disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Caution is advised when taking diuretics or medications that affect hydration levels.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Diuretics (increases risk of lithium toxicity)
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Antidepressants (may increase serotonergic effects)
• Certain antipsychotic medications

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe tremors
• Nausea and vomiting
• Drowsiness or confusion
• Seizures

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindications

• Allergic reactions to lithium or any components of the formulation
• Severe kidney disease
• Dehydration or significant electrolyte imbalance

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Lithobid
• Eskalith
• Eskalith-CR
• Generic name: Lithium Carbonate