Fluconazole

Description

Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, including those that cause infections in the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, urinary tract, and bloodstream. This medication is effective against specific types of fungi, particularly Candida species.

Uses / Indications

• Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)
• Oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis
• Systemic fungal infections, including cryptococcal meningitis
• Prophylaxis against fungal infections in immunocompromised patients
• Fungal infections of the skin or nails

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The usual dose varies depending on the condition being treated, but for most fungal infections, it typically ranges from 100 mg to 400 mg once daily.

Children:
The dosage is generally based on the child’s weight and the type of infection, commonly around 3 mg/kg once daily.

Note: Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding dosage and administration.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Fluconazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes. By disrupting this process, it compromises the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death and resolving the infection.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Liver toxicity (signs include jaundice or dark urine)
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome (a serious skin reaction)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney issues, or a history of hypersensitivity to azole antifungals.
• Use caution in patients taking other medications that can affect liver function.
• Notify your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Drug Interactions

Fluconazole may interact with:

• Warfarin (may increase blood-thinning effect)
• Certain anticonvulsants (may affect their effectiveness)
• Other medications metabolized by the liver
• Oral hypoglycemics

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture and direct light
• Do not freeze liquid forms
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Serious skin reactions
• Changes in liver function tests

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Known allergy to Fluconazole or other azole antifungals
• Previous severe reactions to antifungal medications

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Diflucan
• Fluconazole (generic name)
• Various regional brands may exist