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Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole 200mg

Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal and yeast infections, including skin infections like athlete’s foot and ringworm, as well as systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, thereby disrupting the growth and reproduction of the fungi. Ketoconazole is available in topical forms and oral tablets, providing effective treatment options for both local and systemic fungal infections.

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Description

Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It works by preventing the growth of fungi by inhibiting their ability to produce essential components of their cell membranes.

Uses / Indications

  • Fungal skin infections (e.g., athlete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch)
  • Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff and flaky skin)
  • Systemic fungal infections (e.g., histoplasmosis, blastomycosis)
  • Cushing’s syndrome due to adrenal tumors (off-label use)
  • Fungal infections in immunocompromised patients

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
For oral tablets: 200 mg to 400 mg once daily, taken with food for better absorption.

For topical formulation:
Apply a thin layer to the affected area once or twice daily, as directed by your healthcare provider.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the specific infection being treated and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Ketoconazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of the fungal cell membrane. By disrupting this process, it leads to the weakening of the cell membrane, ultimately killing the fungus or inhibiting its growth.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Nausea
  • Skin rashes or irritation (with topical use)
  • Fatigue
  • Headaches

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Liver toxicity (jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain)
  • Severe allergic reactions (swelling, rash, difficulty breathing)
  • Adrenal insufficiency

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Inform your doctor if you have liver disease, a history of adrenal issues, or are pregnant/breastfeeding
  • Use caution when taking other medications that may cause liver problems
  • Periodic liver function tests may be necessary during treatment

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

  • Other antifungals
  • Certain antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin)
  • Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
  • Medications metabolized by liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Severe headache
  • Changes in liver function (yellowing skin or eyes)

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Ketoconazole or any component of the formulation
  • Concurrent use of certain drugs (e.g., certain antiretrovirals, triazole antifungals)

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Nizoral
  • Ketozal
  • Generic name: Ketoconazole