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Aciclovir

Aciclovir 200mg, 400mg, 800mg

Aciclovir is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses, notably the herpes simplex virus and the varicella-zoster virus. It works by inhibiting the replication of viral DNA, thereby reducing the severity and duration of outbreaks associated with conditions such as genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. Aciclovir can be administered orally, topically, or intravenously, depending on the type and severity of the infection.

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Description

Aciclovir is an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It works by hindering the ability of viruses to replicate, thus helping to control the infection and alleviate symptoms.

Uses / Indications

  • Herpes simplex infections (generally genital and oral herpes)
  • Shingles (herpes zoster)
  • Chickenpox (varicella)
  • Prevention of herpes infections in immunocompromised patients
  • Treatment of severe HSV infections affecting the central nervous system

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
For treatment of herpes simplex infections: 200 mg five times a day for 5 days.
For shingles: 800 mg every 4 hours (up to five times a day) for 7 to 10 days.

Children (ages 2-12 years):
For treatment of chickenpox: 20 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 800 mg) four times a day for 5 days.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the patient’s condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Aciclovir is a nucleoside analogue that gets incorporated into viral DNA, blocking the replication of viral genetic material. It selectively targets viral enzymes, which are crucial for viral replication, limiting the spread and severity of the viral infection.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Fatigue

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Kidney issues (increased creatinine levels)
  • Neurological symptoms (tremors, confusion, hallucinations)
  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)

Seek immediate medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, dehydration, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
  • Stay well-hydrated while taking Aciclovir to minimize the risk of kidney damage.
  • May alter laboratory tests – inform your healthcare provider before any medical testing.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

  • Other medications that affect kidney function
  • Probenecid (can increase Aciclovir levels)
  • Zidovudine (may increase side effects)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture and direct light
  • Do not freeze the liquid form of the medication
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up on doses.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Drowsiness
  • Confusion
  • Seizures
  • Kidney failure (in extreme cases)

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Aciclovir or valacyclovir
  • Severe renal impairment without proper dose adjustment

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Zovirax
  • Acivir
  • Aciclovir Sandoz
  • Generic name: Aciclovir