Nifedipine

Description

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that is commonly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and angina (chest pain). It works by relaxing blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more easily, thereby lowering blood pressure and reducing the heart’s workload.

Uses / Indications

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Angina pectoris (chest pain due to heart disease)
• Management of certain types of Raynaud’s phenomenon (reduced blood flow to fingers and toes)
• Preventing certain heart conditions in specific patient populations (as advised by a physician)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical starting dose for hypertension is usually 30 mg, taken once daily. For angina, the dosage may vary based on physician recommendations.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual health conditions or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Nifedipine inhibits the influx of calcium ions through the slow channels of cardiac and smooth muscle. This leads to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), decreasing vascular resistance, and ultimately reducing the workload on the heart while increasing the supply of oxygen to the heart muscle.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Headache
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Flushing
• Swelling of the ankles or feet

Rare/serious side effects:

• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Worsening of angina symptoms

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of heart problems, liver disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Use caution when combining with other medications that can lower blood pressure.
• Sudden withdrawal should be avoided; consult your doctor for a gradual tapering plan if necessary.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other antihypertensive medications
• Certain antibiotics or antifungals
• Grapefruit juice (may increase nifedipine levels in the blood)
• Medications that affect liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe hypotension (very low blood pressure)
• Dizziness or fainting
• Rapid heartbeat
• Nausea or vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Nifedipine or other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
• Severe hypotension or cardiogenic shock
• Pregnancy (especially in the last trimester, unless advised by a healthcare provider)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Adalat
• Procardia
• Nifedical
• Generic name: Nifedipine