Valacyclovir

Description

Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses. It works by slowing down the growth and spread of the virus in the body, making it effective against conditions like herpes and shingles.

Uses / Indications

• Herpes simplex virus infections (oral and genital)
• Shingles (herpes zoster)
• Chickenpox (varicella) in children
• Reduction of transmission of genital herpes in patients with frequent outbreaks
• Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in transplant patients

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Dosage varies based on the condition being treated; for example, 1000 mg two to three times daily may be prescribed for herpes outbreaks.

Children aged 2 years and older:
The dosage will depend on the specific condition and should be determined by a healthcare provider.

Note: Dosage may vary based on the medical condition, age of the patient, or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Valacyclovir is converted in the body to acyclovir, which inhibits the viral DNA synthesis. By doing so, it effectively interferes with the replication of the virus, helping to control and reduce the severity of viral infections.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness

Rare/serious side effects:

• Kidney issues (increased blood urea nitrogen or creatinine)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, breathing difficulties)
• Neurological symptoms (confusion, aggression, or seizures in rare cases)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, dehydration, or if you are pregnant/breastfeeding
• Stay hydrated, especially with high doses, to help prevent kidney problems
• May result in or worsen existing neurologic conditions—inform your doctor about such conditions prior to treatment

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other antiviral medications
• Medications that affect kidney function
• Probenecid (may increase acyclovir levels)
• Medications that can cause dehydration

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Decreased urination
• Confusion or agitation

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Valacyclovir or Acyclovir
• Previous serious reactions to antiviral medications

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Valtrex
• Generic name: Valacyclovir