Trazodone

Description

Trazodone is an antidepressant medication primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. It works by balancing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that influences mood, emotions, and sleep patterns.

Uses / Indications

• Major depressive disorder
• Anxiety disorders
• Insomnia (off-label use)
• Chronic pain management (off-label use)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (off-label use)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose typically starts at 150 mg per day, divided into multiple doses. Doses may be adjusted based on clinical response. The maximum recommended dose is 400 mg per day.

For geriatric patients:
Initial dose should be lower, usually around 100 mg per day, with careful monitoring and adjustments as necessary.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual medical conditions and the prescribing doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Trazodone primarily works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased levels of serotonin available in the synaptic cleft. Additionally, it has antagonist effects at the 5-HT2 receptor, which may contribute to its antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Drowsiness or sedation
• Dry mouth
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Blurred vision

Rare/serious side effects:

• Priapism (a painful, prolonged erection)
• Serotonin syndrome (symptoms include rapid heart rate, hallucinations, loss of coordination, and severe dizziness)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have a history of heart disease, liver disease, or seizures.
• Use caution if combining with other medications that cause drowsiness.
• Do not abruptly stop taking Trazodone without consulting your healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Alcohol (may enhance sedative effects)
• Other antidepressants, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome
• Benzodiazepines or opioids (may enhance sedative effects)
• Medications that affect liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Extreme drowsiness or sedation
• Confusion or agitation
• Rapid heartbeat
• Nausea or vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Trazodone or any of its components
• Current use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Recent heart attack or significant heart issues

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Desyrel
• Oleptro
• Generic name: Trazodone