Diclofenac

Description

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. It works by inhibiting enzymes in the body that contribute to inflammation and pain, providing relief for a variety of conditions.

Uses / Indications

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Acute pain (musculoskeletal injuries, surgery)
• Tendonitis and bursitis
• Primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical initial dose is 50 mg to 75 mg taken two to three times a day. Maintenance doses will depend on the condition being treated (maximum daily dose generally does not exceed 150 mg).

Children:
Dosage is determined by weight and specific conditions, usually prescribed by a pediatrician.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual health needs and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Diclofenac works by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, which play a significant role in the production of prostaglandins—compounds that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin synthesis, Diclofenac effectively alleviates discomfort and lowers inflammation.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea
• Stomach pain or upset
• Headache
• Dizziness

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe stomach/abdominal pain
• Signs of liver problems (jaundice, dark urine)
• Heart attack or stroke symptoms (chest pain, weakness, speech difficulties)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of heart disease, stomach ulcers, or liver and kidney issues.
• Use with caution if pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to conceive.
• Briefly discontinue use before scheduled surgery to reduce the risk of excessive bleeding.

Drug Interactions

Diclofenac may interact with:

• Other NSAIDs or corticosteroids (increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding)
• Anticoagulants (increased risk of bleeding)
• Certain medications that affect kidney function
• Diuretics

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe headaches
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness
• Rapid heart rate

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergy to Diclofenac or any other NSAID
• History of serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Active peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Voltaren
• Cataflam
• Zorvolex
• Generic name: Diclofenac