Hydroxychloroquine

Description

Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial medication primarily used to prevent and treat malaria. Additionally, it is also utilized in the management of certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hydroxychloroquine works by interfering with the communication of cells, which helps in reducing inflammation and modulating abnormal immune responses.

Uses / Indications

• Malaria prevention and treatment
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
• Discoid lupus erythematosus (skin lesions related to lupus)
• Off-label use in some viral infections (under specific circumstances)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
For malaria prevention: 400 mg once a week. For treatment: 800 mg initially, followed by 400 mg at 6, 24, and 48 hours. For rheumatoid arthritis and lupus: 200-400 mg daily, depending on doctor’s advice.

Children:
Dosing is based on weight; consult with a healthcare provider for the appropriate amount.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Hydroxychloroquine operates by inhibiting the function of certain immune system cells and interferes with the communication pathways in these cells. This action reduces inflammation and modulates the body’s autoimmune responses, making it beneficial in conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Headache

Rare/serious side effects:

• Retinal toxicity (vision changes)
• Severe skin reactions (rash, blistering)
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Severe allergic reactions (swelling, dizziness)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have a history of retinal disease, liver disease, or heart conditions.
• Use caution if combining with medications that may affect heart rhythm.
• Regular eye exams are recommended, as retinal toxicity can occur with long-term use.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Medications that affect heart rhythm (e.g., certain antiarrhythmics)
• Antacids (can affect absorption)
• Other drugs that may impact liver enzymes or immune system function
• Vaccines (may affect vaccine efficacy)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Headaches
• Confusion or dizziness
• Vision changes

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Hydroxychloroquine or 4-aminoquinoline compounds
• History of maculopathy (retinal disease)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Plaquenil
• Aminoquinoline
• Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (generic)