Albuterol

Description

Albuterol is a bronchodilator medication commonly used to relieve symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing and quick relief from wheezing and shortness of breath.

Uses / Indications

• Asthma attacks (acute bronchospasm)
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Exercise-induced bronchospasm
• Reversal of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease
• Management of wheezing and shortness of breath

Dosage and Administration

Adults and children 4 years and older:
90 to 180 micrograms (2 inhalations) via inhaler every 4 to 6 hours as needed.

Children aged 2–4 years:
Dosage should be determined by a physician; typically will be 90 micrograms (1-2 inhalations) every 4 to 6 hours as needed.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual needs and medical advice from a healthcare professional.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Albuterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, leading to smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. This action helps to open the airways, making it easier to breathe for patients experiencing respiratory distress.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Tremors
• Nervousness or anxiety
• Headache
• Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Chest pain or pressure
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Paradoxical bronchospasm (worsening of breathing problems)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, or hyperthyroidism.
• Use caution if combining albuterol with other medications that may affect breathing.
• Not intended for use as a rescue inhaler. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for severe symptoms.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Beta-blockers (may reduce effectiveness of albuterol)
• Diuretics (may increase the risk of low potassium levels)
• Other medications that affect heart rhythm

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you are taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture and heat
• Do not freeze
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe chest pain
• Palpitations
• Nausea or vomiting
• Severe headache or dizziness

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to albuterol or any of its inactive ingredients
• History of severe allergic reactions to sympathomimetic agents

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Proventil
• Ventolin
• ProAir HFA
• AccuNeb (nebulized form)
• Generic name: Albuterol