Amlodipine

Description

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used primarily to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina (chest pain). It works by relaxing the blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more easily and decreasing the workload on the heart.

Uses / Indications

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Angina pectoris (chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart)
• Coronary artery disease
• May be used to improve exercise tolerance in patients with chronic stable angina

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Typically, 5 mg to 10 mg once daily (as prescribed by your healthcare provider). The initial dose is usually 5 mg.

Pediatrics:
The safety and efficacy in children under 6 years of age have not been established; for children 6 years and older, consult a physician for appropriate dosing.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual health conditions and the physician’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Amlodipine inhibits the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, leading to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and decreasing heart workload. This helps to lower blood pressure and relieve conditions related to angina.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Swelling of the ankles or feet
• Flushing (warmth and redness in the face)
• Palpitations (awareness of heart beating)
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe hypotension (very low blood pressure)
• Chest pain or symptoms of a heart attack
• Allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have liver disease, heart conditions, or are pregnant/breastfeeding
• Use caution if you have aortic stenosis or cardiogenic shock
• May cause dizziness; avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other antihypertensives (such as beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors)
• Certain antifungal medications
• Grapefruit juice (may increase the blood level of Amlodipine)
• Simvastatin (increased risk of side effects)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Rapid heartbeat
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea or vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Amlodipine or any components of the formulation
• Severe hypotension
• Cardiogenic shock

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Norvasc
• Amvaz
• Amlodipine Besylate
• Various generics available