Bisoprolol

Description

Bisoprolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic blocker, primarily used to manage high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. By blocking beta-1 receptors in the heart, Bisoprolol reduces heart rate and decreases the force of heart muscle contractions, leading to lower blood pressure and improved heart function.

Uses / Indications

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Chronic heart failure
• Angina pectoris (chest pain)
• Post-myocardial infarction (heart attack) management
• Certain types of arrhythmias

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dosage is typically 5 mg once daily, which may be adjusted by the physician based on response and tolerability, up to a maximum of 10 mg per day.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual health conditions and the doctor’s recommendations.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Bisoprolol selectively inhibits beta-1 adrenergic receptors primarily located in the heart. This action decreases heart rate, myocardial contractility, and conduction speed in the AV node, thereby lowering blood pressure and reducing oxygen demand of the heart. Its selectivity helps minimize respiratory side effects commonly associated with non-selective beta-blockers.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Fatigue
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Cold extremities (hands and feet)
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Severe bradycardia
• Heart failure exacerbation
• Hypotension (very low blood pressure)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have asthma, COPD, or other breathing disorders.
• Use caution if combining with other medications that lower heart rate or blood pressure.
• Do not discontinue abruptly; tapering off may be necessary to prevent rebound hypertension.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other antihypertensives (may enhance hypotensive effects)
• Calcium channel blockers (risk of bradycardia)
• Antiarrhythmics
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Always inform your healthcare provider about other medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Protect from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Extremely slow heart rate
• Nausea or vomiting
• Confusion

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Bisoprolol or any of its inactive ingredients
• Severe bradycardia or heart block without a pacemaker
• Cardiogenic shock

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Zebeta
• Bisoloc
• Emcor
• Generic name: Bisoprolol