Carvedilol

Description

Carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker and alpha-1 adrenergic blocker used primarily to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It works by blocking the action of certain natural substances, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels, leading to decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

Uses / Indications

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Heart failure
• Left ventricular dysfunction following a heart attack
• Angina (chest pain)
• Heart rate control in certain arrhythmias

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose typically starts at 6.25 mg twice daily, which may be increased based on the doctor’s advice. Maximum dosage can go up to 25 mg twice daily for hypertension and heart failure.

Patients with liver impairment:
Dosage may be reduced to 3.125 mg twice daily or adjusted as necessary.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual health status and medical condition.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Carvedilol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors (β1 and β2) and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, which leads to a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and vascular resistance. This dual action helps in the management of blood pressure and provides additional benefits for heart failure patients.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, trouble breathing)
• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Heart failure exacerbation
• Liver problems (yellowing of skin or eyes)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of asthma, liver disease, or significant heart block.
• Use caution if taking other medications that may lower heart rate or blood pressure.
• Avoid sudden discontinuation of carvedilol, as it may exacerbate coronary artery disease.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil)
• Other antihypertensive medications
• Antidepressants (certain types)
• CYP2D6 substrates

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Reduced heart rate
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea or vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergy to carvedilol or any of its components
• Asthma or related respiratory issues
• Severe bradycardia or heart block without a pacemaker

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Coreg
• Coreg CR
• Generic name: Carvedilol