Digoxin

Description

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to improve heart function and control heart rate. It works by increasing the force of heart contractions and regulating heart rhythm, making it a vital medication for various heart conditions.

Uses / Indications

• Heart failure
• Atrial fibrillation (a type of irregular heartbeat)
• Atrial flutter
• Certain types of heart block
• Control of rapid heart rate in specific conditions

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose typically ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 mg, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.125 to 0.5 mg daily, adjusting based on response and kidney function.

Children:
Dosing is individualized based on body weight and specific health conditions; consult a pediatric cardiologist for proper management.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Digoxin works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in cardiac cells, leading to increased intracellular calcium concentrations. This results in enhanced contractility of the heart muscle, improved blood flow, and better control of heart rate.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Visual disturbances (blurred or yellow vision)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Heart block or other serious heart rhythm problems
• Toxicity symptoms, including confusion, severe weakness, or palpitations

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, thyroid disorders, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Use with caution in older adults due to the higher risk of side effects and interactions.
• Regular monitoring of digoxin levels in the blood is essential to avoid toxicity.

Drug Interactions

Digoxin may interact with:

• Certain diuretics (which may lead to electrolyte imbalances)
• Antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, tetracycline)
• Antifungal medications (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole)
• Other medications affecting heart rhythm

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (15°C–30°C / 59°F–86°F)
• Keep away from moisture and direct sunlight
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Severe dizziness or confusion
• Visual disturbances
• Extreme fatigue or weakness

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to digoxin or any of its components
• Certain types of heart block (without a pacemaker)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Digitek
• Lanoxin
• Lanoxicaps
• Generic name: Digoxin