Diltiazem

Description

Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that helps to relax the muscles of the heart and blood vessels. It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure, angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders. By inhibiting the influx of calcium ions, Diltiazem decreases the heart’s workload and improves blood flow, making it easier for the heart to pump.

Uses / Indications

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Angina pectoris (chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart)
• Supraventricular tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
• Preventing certain types of abnormal heart rhythms
• Management of vascular diseases

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose is typically 30 mg to 60 mg taken 3 times daily. Dosage may be adjusted based on response and therapeutic goals.

Extended-release formulations:
Commonly, 120 mg to 240 mg once daily, depending on the specific product and individual patient needs.

Note: Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for dosage that is specific to your health condition.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Diltiazem works by blocking calcium channels in the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. This action decreases the contraction of the heart muscle and dilates blood vessels, leading to a reduction in blood pressure and alleviation of angina symptoms.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Headache
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Nausea
• Fatigue

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe drops in blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension)
• Swelling of the legs or feet
• Heart block (abnormal heart rhythm)
• Liver dysfunction (rare)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Consult your doctor if you have heart problems, liver disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Use with caution if combined with other medications that lower blood pressure.
• May cause dizziness; avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how Diltiazem affects you.

Drug Interactions

Diltiazem may interact with:

• Other antihypertensive medications
• Beta-blockers
• Digoxin (may increase levels of digoxin)
• Certain antibiotics and antifungals

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Irregular heartbeat
• Severe fatigue
• Nausea or vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Diltiazem or any of the formulation ingredients
• Severe hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Sick sinus syndrome (unless a functioning pacemaker is in place)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Cardizem
• Dilacor XR
• Tiazac
• Dilt-XR
• Generic name: Diltiazem