Enalapril

Description

Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It works by relaxing blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow, making it easier for the heart to pump blood.

Uses / Indications

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Heart failure
• Prevention of heart failure in patients at high risk
• Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease related to diabetes)
• Left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical initial dose for hypertension is 5 mg once daily. Dosage may be adjusted based on blood pressure response, with a maximum daily dose of 40 mg.

Heart failure:
The starting dose may be 2.5 mg once daily, with titration based on tolerance and response.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual medical conditions and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Enalapril inhibits the enzyme ACE, which is involved in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. By blocking this process, it decreases levels of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels. This leads to vasodilation, reduced blood pressure, and decreased workload on the heart.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Cough
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fatigue
• Elevated blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia)
• Nausea

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Kidney dysfunction
• Angioedema (swelling of deeper layers of the skin)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of kidney disease, liver problems, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Use with caution if you are taking diuretics (water pills) or other medications that may affect blood pressure.
• Monitor for signs of excessive drop in blood pressure, particularly after the first dose.

Drug Interactions

Enalapril may interact with:

• Diuretics (may increase risk of low blood pressure)
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (may reduce the effectiveness)
• Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics (may increase potassium levels)
• Lithium (may lead to increased lithium levels in the blood)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up on doses.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Nausea or vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Enalapril or any other ACE inhibitor
• History of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor
• Pregnancy (especially during the second and third trimesters)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Vasotec
• Enalapril Maleate (generic)