Labetalol
Labetalol 100mg, 200mg, 300mg
Labetalol is a medication primarily used to manage high blood pressure (hypertension) and is notable for its ability to lower blood pressure through a dual mechanism: it blocks both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. This unique action not only reduces heart rate but also dilates blood vessels, making it effective for patients who may be pregnant or experiencing hypertensive crises. Labetalol is often prescribed for various cardiovascular conditions and helps in providing a stable blood pressure reduction with a relatively favorable side effect profile.
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Labetalol is a medication primarily used to manage high blood pressure (hypertension). It is a non-selective beta-blocker and alpha-1 adrenergic blocker, which works by relaxing blood vessels and decreasing heart rate, thus effectively lowering blood pressure.
Uses / Indications
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Management of hypertensive emergencies
- Control of blood pressure during pregnancy (often used in preeclampsia)
- Heart-related conditions requiring reduction in heart rate
Dosage and Administration
Adults:
Initial dose is generally 100 mg twice daily. The dose may be adjusted based on the patient’s response, typically ranging from 200 mg to 400 mg daily, given in divided doses.
For hypertension during pregnancy:
Dosage may vary based on the specific condition and medical advice, often starting at 100 mg twice daily.
Note: Dosage may be adjusted based on individual medical conditions and the advice of a healthcare provider.
How It Works (Mechanism of Action)
Labetalol functions by blocking both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. This dual action decreases heart rate and myocardial contractility while also causing vasodilation, leading to significant reductions in blood pressure without predominantly affecting heart rate.
Side Effects
Common side effects:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
Rare/serious side effects:
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Severe bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- Liver dysfunction (eg, jaundice; rare)
Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.
Precautions / Warnings
- Notify your doctor if you have asthma, heart disease, liver disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
- Use with caution in patients with diabetes, as it may mask low blood sugar symptoms.
- Abrupt discontinuation may lead to rebound hypertension; consult your doctor for a tapering plan.
Drug Interactions
May interact with:
- Other blood pressure medications (can lead to excessive lowering of blood pressure)
- Certain antidepressants
- Digoxin (can increase heart rate issues)
- Alcohol (may intensify side effects)
Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications, supplements, or conditions you are managing.
Storage Instructions
- Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
- Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
- Keep out of reach of children
Missed Dose / Overdose
Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up.
Overdose symptoms:
- Severe dizziness or fainting
- Slow or irregular heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea or vomiting
Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical assistance immediately if an overdose is suspected.
Contraindications
- Severe asthma or respiratory conditions
- Severe bradycardia or heart block
- Known hypersensitivity to Labetalol
Brand Names / Alternatives
- Trandate
- Normodyne
- Generic name: Labetalol