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Losartan

Losartan 25mg, 50mg, 100mg

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) used primarily to treat high blood pressure and to help protect the kidneys in patients with diabetes. By blocking the action of a substance that narrows blood vessels, Losartan helps to relax blood vessels, allowing for easier blood flow. It is commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and to improve heart health in those with certain heart conditions.

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Description

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). By blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels, Losartan helps relax blood vessels, thereby lowering blood pressure and reducing strain on the heart.

Uses / Indications

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure)
  • Heart failure
  • Chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes
  • Reduction of stroke risk in patients with high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Treatment of diabetic nephropathy

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initiate with 50 mg once daily; the dosage may be adjusted based on blood pressure response (max 100 mg/day).

Pediatric patients (6 years and older):
Start with 0.7 mg/kg once daily (up to 50 mg); adjusted as needed based on response and tolerance.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Losartan selectively blocks the action of angiotensin II at the AT1 receptor, leading to vasodilation, lower blood pressure, and a decrease in the secretion of aldosterone, which reduces sodium and water retention.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Nasal congestion or sinus pain

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Kidney problems (changes in urination)
  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
  • Low blood pressure (hypotension)
  • Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Tell your doctor if you have a history of kidney disease, liver disease, or are pregnant/breastfeeding
  • Use caution if you suffer from dehydration or have undergone recent major surgery
  • Regular monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function is recommended

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Other antihypertensive agents
  • Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics
  • Lithium

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
  • Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Severe dizziness
  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat
  • Fainting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

  • Allergic to Losartan or any of its components
  • Pregnancy (especially in the second and third trimesters)
  • Bilateral renal artery stenosis

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Cozaar
  • Hyzaar (combination with hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Generic name: Losartan