Metoprolol

Description

Metoprolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic blocker primarily used to manage high blood pressure, angina (chest pain), and heart failure. It works by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, thereby reducing heart rate, heart workload, and blood pressure.

Uses / Indications

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Angina pectoris (chest pain)
• Heart failure
• Prevention of migraine headaches
• Treatment of certain types of irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias)
• Management of anxiety symptoms (off-label usage)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose for hypertension is 50 mg once daily, may be adjusted based on response. Maximum dose may reach up to 400 mg daily.

Children:
Specific dosing depends on the child’s condition and weight. Consult a healthcare professional for recommendations.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors primarily located in the heart. This action decreases heart rate and myocardial contractility, leading to reduced oxygen demand and lower blood pressure.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Fatigue
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Slow heart rate (bradycardia)
• Cold hands or feet
• Shortness of breath

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, trouble breathing)
• Severe bradycardia (very slow heartbeat)
• Liver problems (jaundice)


• Heart failure symptoms (sudden weight gain, swelling in ankles or feet)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have asthma, diabetes, or a history of severe allergic reactions.
• Use caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you, as it may cause dizziness.
• Do not discontinue use suddenly without consulting your doctor, as this may exacerbate heart conditions.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other blood pressure medications
• Certain antidepressants (e.g., MAO inhibitors)
• Medications that slow heart rate (e.g., digoxin)
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Do not freeze
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Extreme fatigue
• Slow or irregular heartbeat
• Shortness of breath

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Metoprolol or any of its components
• Severe bradycardia (very slow heart rate)
• Asthma or history of bronchospasm

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Lopressor
• Toprol-XL
• Generic name: Metoprolol