Propranolol

Propranolol 10mg, 20mg, 40mg, 80mg

Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker primarily used to treat high blood pressure, anxiety, and certain heart conditions by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body’s beta receptors. It is effective in reducing heart rate, controlling tremors, and alleviating stress-induced physical symptoms. Additionally, it is often prescribed for migraine prevention and to manage symptoms of performance anxiety, offering relief for those affected by these conditions.

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Description

Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker used to manage various conditions of the cardiovascular system as well as certain physical and psychological symptoms. It works by blocking the action of certain chemicals in the body, particularly norepinephrine and epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), which helps to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and the strain on the heart.

Uses / Indications

Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Angina (chest pain)
Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
Migraine prophylaxis
Essential tremor
Performance anxiety
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Dosage varies widely based on the condition being treated, typically ranging from 40 mg to 240 mg per day. For some conditions, it may be taken in divided doses, while for others, a single daily dose may be sufficient.

Children:
Dosing is typically based on weight and specific medical conditions. A healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dosage.

Note: Always follow your doctor’s instructions regarding dosage.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Propranolol inhibits beta-adrenergic receptors, preventing the binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine. This action leads to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, reducing the workload on the heart and alleviating symptoms associated with conditions such as anxiety and migraines.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

Fatigue
Dizziness
Cold hands and feet
Nausea

Rare/serious side effects:

Slow heart rate
Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
Liver problems (jaundice)
Severe breathing difficulties (in asthmatic patients)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

Inform your doctor if you have asthma, diabetes, or a history of depression.
Caution is advised if combining with other medications that can affect heart rate or blood pressure.
Avoid abrupt discontinuation, as this may lead to exacerbation of angina or heart rate irregularities.

Drug Interactions

Propranolol may interact with:

Other blood pressure medications
Certain antidepressants and antipsychotics
Medications for diabetes
Cimetidine (and other drugs affecting liver enzymes)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

Severe dizziness or fainting
Slow heart rate
Shortness of breath
Nausea and vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

Known allergies to propranolol or other beta-blockers
Asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Certain heart conditions (such as severe bradycardia or heart block)

Brand Names / Alternatives

Inderal
InnoPran XL
Hemangeol
Generic name: Propranolol