Spironolactone

Description

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic primarily used to treat conditions related to fluid retention, high blood pressure, and certain hormonal imbalances. It works by inhibiting the effects of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium and water retention in the body, thereby helping regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Uses / Indications

• Edema associated with heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)
• Acne and other conditions associated with excessive androgen levels in women
• Heart failure management

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
The typical initial dose for hypertension is 50 mg to 100 mg once daily, adjusted based on the patient’s response.

Children:
Dosage should be determined by a healthcare provider based on the child’s weight and condition.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition and individual response.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Spironolactone functions as an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, effectively blocking the action of aldosterone in the kidneys. This leads to the excretion of excess sodium and water while retaining potassium, promoting diuresis and reducing blood pressure.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Headache
• Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Breast tenderness or gynecomastia (in males)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Liver dysfunction

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have kidney problems, liver disease, or conditions that could affect your electrolyte balance.
• Avoid potassium supplements and foods high in potassium unless advised by your healthcare provider.
• Regular monitoring of kidney function and potassium levels is recommended.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• ACE inhibitors (may increase hyperkalemia risk)
• Potassium supplements or salt substitutes
• Certain diuretics
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications, supplements, or herbal products you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Hyperkalemia (high potassium; can cause heart palpitations)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion or dizziness
• Severe drowsiness

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic reactions to spironolactone
• Severe kidney impairment or anuria (inability to produce urine)
• Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Aldactone
• Carospir
• Generic name: Spironolactone