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Warfarin

Warfarin 5mg

Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication commonly used to prevent blood clots in patients at risk for conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. By inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver, it helps reduce the risk of harmful clots forming in the bloodstream. Regular monitoring of blood clotting levels is essential for patients on Warfarin to ensure efficacy and safety, as dosage may need adjustment based on individual responses and dietary factors.

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Description

Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger in your blood and blood vessels. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, which are essential for blood coagulation.

Uses / Indications

  • Prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
  • Prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE)
  • Management and prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation
  • Treatment of myocardial infarction (heart attack) to prevent further clots
  • Prevention of stroke in patients at high risk

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose typically ranges from 2 to 5 mg once daily. The specific dosage will be adjusted based on INR (International Normalized Ratio) results.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition and INR levels as advised by your healthcare provider.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme involved in the recycling of vitamin K, which is crucial for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver. This leads to a reduction in the formation of blood clots.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

  • Bleeding or bruising more easily
  • Gastrointestinal issues such as nausea or diarrhea
  • Skin rashes
  • Hair loss

Rare/serious side effects:

  • Severe bleeding, which can be life-threatening
  • Purple toe syndrome
  • Liver enzyme abnormalities (hepatotoxicity)

Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing serious side effects.

Precautions / Warnings

  • Inform your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney issues, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.
  • Regular INR monitoring is essential to ensure the dosage is effective and safe.
  • Use caution if combining with other medications that increase bleeding risk.

Drug Interactions

Warfarin may interact with:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Antibiotics that affect gut flora (e.g., metronidazole)
  • Certain dietary supplements (e.g., vitamin K, fish oil)
  • Herbal products (e.g., St. John’s wort)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications, supplements, or dietary changes.

Storage Instructions

  • Store at room temperature (15°C–30°C / 59°F–86°F)
  • Keep away from moisture and direct sunlight
  • Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double doses.

Overdose symptoms:

  • Increased bleeding or bruising
  • Excessive dizziness or fainting
  • Severe headache

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindications

  • Active bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia
  • Recent surgery or severe trauma
  • Pregnancy (unless absolutely necessary)

Brand Names / Alternatives

  • Coumadin
  • Jantoven
  • Warfin
  • Generic name: Warfarin