Acarbose

Description

Acarbose is an oral antidiabetic medication that helps control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It works by inhibiting enzymes in the intestines that digest carbohydrates, which slows the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream after meals.

Uses / Indications

• Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Used in conjunction with diet and exercise
• Helps reduce postprandial (after meal) blood glucose spikes
• May be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Start with 25 mg taken orally three times a day at the start of meals. The dose may be increased based on tolerance and effectiveness, to a maximum of 100 mg three times daily.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Acarbose works by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase, an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates in the intestine. This action delays the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, leading to lower postprandial blood glucose levels.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Flatulence (gas)
• Nausea

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Liver enzyme abnormalities (rare)
• Severe gastrointestinal issues

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have a history of bowel disorders, liver issues, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
• Monitor blood sugar levels closely, especially during treatment initiation.
• Use caution if combining with other antidiabetic medications, as this may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other antidiabetic medications (risk of hypoglycemia may increase)
• Digestive enzymes
• Certain medications that may affect gastrointestinal motility

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe gastrointestinal discomfort
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Nausea and vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic reactions to Acarbose or any component of the formulation
• Patients with certain intestinal conditions (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Precose
• Generic name: Acarbose