Dapagliflozin

Description

Dapagliflozin is an oral medication belonging to the class of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, used primarily to manage blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. By inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, it promotes the excretion of glucose through urine, thereby helping to lower blood glucose levels.

Uses / Indications

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus management
• Heart failure (to reduce the risk of hospitalization)
• Chronic kidney disease (to slow progression and reduce risk of renal events)
• Weight loss in conjunction with a diabetic management plan
• To reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
5 mg once daily, without regard to meals. The dose may be increased to 10 mg once daily based on individual needs such as blood glucose control.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Dapagliflozin works by specifically inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the renal proximal tubules. This action reduces the reabsorption of glucose back into the bloodstream, allowing excess glucose to be eliminated in urine, which helps lower blood glucose levels.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Urinary tract infections
• Genital yeast infections
• Increased urination
• Nausea

Rare/serious side effects:

• Ketoacidosis (a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention)
• Severe dehydration
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Acute kidney injury

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Notify your doctor if you have a history of kidney disease, liver issues, or are pregnant/breastfeeding
• Use with caution when taken together with medications that may cause dehydration or hypotension
• Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and kidney function is important during treatment

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Diuretics (may increase the risk of dehydration)
• Insulin or insulin secretagogues (may increase the risk of low blood sugar)
• Other medications that affect kidney function
• Certain blood pressure medications

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Dehydration (thirst, dizzy feeling)
• Severe low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
• Nausea or vomiting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Dapagliflozin or any of its components
• Severe kidney impairment or dialysis

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Farxiga
• Generic name: Dapagliflozin