Glipizide

Description

Glipizide is an oral medication that belongs to the class of drugs called sulfonylureas. It is primarily used to manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Glipizide works by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels after meals.

Uses / Indications

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as part of a comprehensive treatment plan
• Management of blood sugar levels alongside diet and exercise
• May be used in combination with other antidiabetic medications

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose typically starts at 5 mg taken 30 minutes before the first meal of the day. The dose may be adjusted based on blood sugar response, usually not exceeding 20 mg per day.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual medical condition and physician recommendations.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Glipizide enhances insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels. This action leads to depolarization of the cell membrane, resulting in the influx of calcium ions, which then stimulates the release of insulin, lowering blood glucose levels effectively.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness
• Weight gain

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Liver dysfunction or jaundice
• Severe hypoglycemia

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience serious side effects.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, or a history of alcohol abuse
• Use caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how Glipizide affects you
• Monitor blood sugar levels regularly to avoid hypoglycemia

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other antidiabetic medications
• Medications that can cause hypoglycemia (e.g., some antibiotics, antifungals)
• Beta-blockers (may mask symptoms of low blood sugar)
• Certain medications affecting liver enzymes

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you are taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Protect from moisture and heat; keep in a tightly closed container
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up on doses.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe hypoglycemia (confusion, dizziness, blurred vision)
• Rapid heartbeat
• Sweating or shakiness
• Nausea or vomiting

Seek emergency medical help if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindications

• Allergy to Glipizide or other sulfonylureas
• Diabetic ketoacidosis or type 1 diabetes
• Pregnant or breastfeeding (consult your doctor)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Glucotrol
• Glucotrol XL
• Generic name: Glipizide