Miglitol

Description

Miglitol is an oral medication used to manage type 2 diabetes. It is classified as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which works by slowing the breakdown of carbohydrates in the intestines, helping to reduce post-meal blood sugar spikes.

Uses / Indications

• Type 2 diabetes management
• To be used in conjunction with diet and exercise
• Improvement in glycemic control alongside other antidiabetic medications
• Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initiate with 25 mg at the start of each meal (3 times daily). Dosing may be adjusted based on individual tolerance and glycemic response, typically increasing to a maximum dose of 100 mg per meal.

Note: Dosage should be individualized based on blood glucose response and physician’s guidance.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Miglitol works by selectively inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which are responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates. This results in a decrease in glucose absorption, leading to lower postprandial blood glucose levels.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Gastrointestinal discomfort (such as abdominal pain, gas, or diarrhea)
• Nausea
• Flatulence
• Hypoglycemia (when taken with other antidiabetic agents)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
• Persistent abdominal pain or significant changes in bowel habits

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience serious side effects.

Precautions / Warnings

• Consult your doctor if you have kidney disease or liver issues
• Not recommended for patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
• Caution if experiencing gastrointestinal problems

Drug Interactions

Miglitol may interact with:

• Other antidiabetic agents (risk of hypoglycemia)
• Medications that affect gastrointestinal motility
• Certain antibiotics
• Antacids (may affect absorption)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep container tightly closed and away from moisture and heat
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next meal dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Gastrointestinal distress
• Dizziness or fainting

If overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention.

Contraindications

• Allergic reactions to Miglitol or any component of the formulation
• History of significant gastrointestinal diseases (i.e., inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulcerations)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Glyset
• Generic name: Miglitol