Sitagliptin

Description

Sitagliptin is an oral medication used to manage blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the class of drugs known as DPP-4 inhibitors, which help increase the levels of incretin hormones, leading to improved insulin release and reduced glucose production in the liver.

Uses / Indications

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• When used in conjunction with diet and exercise to improve glycemic control
• May be prescribed as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
100 mg once daily, with or without food.

Note: Dosage may be adjusted based on renal function or as per your doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Sitagliptin works by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, which leads to an increased concentration of incretin hormones. These hormones play a critical role in glucose metabolism by stimulating insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion, thereby helping to lower blood glucose levels.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Cold-like symptoms (e.g., runny or stuffy nose)

Rare/serious side effects:

• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, dizziness)
• Kidney problems (changes in urination, swelling in legs/feet)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of pancreatitis or kidney problems.
• Use with caution if you are also taking other medications that affect blood sugar levels.
• Safe use during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established; consult your doctor.

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other diabetes medications (risk of hypoglycemia)
• Certain blood pressure medications
• Diuretics
• Medications that affect the immune system

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Severe fatigue

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Sitagliptin or any component of the formulation
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (a serious complication of diabetes)

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Januvia
• Generic name: Sitagliptin