Sitagliptin

Description

Sitagliptin is an oral antidiabetic medication that helps control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the class of drugs known as DPP-4 inhibitors and works by increasing incretin levels, which help regulate insulin and glucose levels in the body.

Uses / Indications

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus, to improve glycemic control
• Can be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications
• Helps reduce HbA1c levels
• Supports weight management in diabetic patients

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
100 mg orally once daily, with or without food.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition, patient’s response, and doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Sitagliptin inhibits the enzyme DPP-4, which increases the levels of incretin hormones. These hormones help to lower blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion from the pancreas, thereby improving glycemic control after meals.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Upper respiratory tract infections
• Headache
• Stomach pain
• Nausea

Rare/serious side effects:

• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
• Severe allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, swelling)
• Kidney problems or deterioration

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Tell your doctor if you have a history of pancreatitis or kidney disease
• Use caution if pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding
• Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is recommended

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Other antidiabetic medications (e.g., sulfonylureas, insulin)
• Medications affecting kidney function
• Certain antibiotics or antifungals (rare)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness or fainting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately if overdose is suspected.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Sitagliptin or any component of the formulation
• Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Januvia
• Combination products with metformin or other antidiabetics
• Generic name: Sitagliptin