Allopurinol

Description

Allopurinol is a medication primarily used to lower uric acid levels in the body. It is most commonly prescribed for the treatment of gout and other conditions that result from elevated uric acid, such as kidney stones and certain types of kidney diseases. By inhibiting xanthine oxidase, Allopurinol helps prevent the formation of uric acid, thereby alleviating symptoms and preventing future attacks.

Uses / Indications

• Management of gout and gout attacks
• Treatment and prevention of uric acid nephropathy (kidney stones)
• Prevention of hyperuricemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy
• Management of certain types of kidney disorders associated with high uric acid levels

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
Initial dose is typically 100 mg to 300 mg once daily, adjusted based on uric acid levels and response.

Children:
Dosage depends on the child’s weight and clinical condition; consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the production of uric acid. By reducing uric acid synthesis, it helps decrease uric acid levels in the blood and urine, minimizing the risk of gout attacks and kidney stone formation.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Mild rash
• Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea)
• Drowsiness
• Headaches

Rare/serious side effects:

• Severe allergic reactions (skin rash, itching, swelling)
• Liver dysfunction (jaundice)
• Kidney damage

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease, or if you are pregnant/breastfeeding
• Use caution when starting treatment, as gout attacks may initially worsen
• Regular monitoring of uric acid levels is recommended

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Azathioprine and mercaptopurine (increased toxicity)
• Certain antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin)
• Warfarin (may affect blood clotting)
• Thiazide diuretics (increased risk of hypersensitivity)

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Drowsiness
• Rash

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Allopurinol or any of its components
• History of severe hypersensitivity reactions

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Zyloprim
• Aloprim
• Generic name: Allopurinol