Metoclopramide

Metoclopramide 10mg, 15mg, 30mg

Metoclopramide is a medication primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting, especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. It works by increasing the movements or contractions of the stomach and intestines, allowing for quicker emptying of the stomach. Additionally, metoclopramide aids in the treatment of gastroparesis, a condition that affects stomach emptying. While it is effective in alleviating digestive issues, it is important to use it under medical supervision due to potential side effects and risks.

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Description

Metoclopramide is a medication that acts as an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent. It is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by various conditions, including surgery, chemotherapy, or migraine. Metoclopramide works by enhancing the movement of food through the stomach and intestines, which helps alleviate symptoms of nausea and promotes gastric emptying.

Uses / Indications

Nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying) in diabetic patients
Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Facilitation of small bowel intubation

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
10 mg to 20 mg, taken 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime, as needed.

Children (aged 0–18 years):
Dosage is based on body weight; typically, 0.1 mg/kg per dose, up to a maximum of 10 mg per dose.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual medical condition or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Metoclopramide primarily acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist, blocking the action of dopamine in the brain, which helps to reduce nausea and vomiting. It also stimulates gastrointestinal motility by increasing the contraction of the stomach muscles, which promotes faster gastric emptying.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

Drowsiness or fatigue
Restlessness or agitation
Diarrhea
Dry mouth

Rare/serious side effects:

Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements)
Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, dizziness)
Altered mental status (confusion, hallucinations)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

Inform your doctor if you have a history of gastrointestinal disorders, seizure disorders, or are pregnant/breastfeeding.
Use caution when driving or operating heavy machinery, as metoclopramide may cause drowsiness.
Prolonged use may increase the risk of movement disorders; consult your doctor if treatment exceeds 12 weeks.

Drug Interactions

Metoclopramide may interact with:

Alcohol (may enhance sedative effect)
Other central nervous system depressants
Medications that affect serotonin levels
Certain pain medications and antidepressants

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

Severe drowsiness
Muscle spasms or stiffness
Rapid heart rate
Confusion or agitation

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

Allergic to metoclopramide or any of its components
Pheochromocytoma (a type of tumor)
Gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation
History of tardive dyskinesia

Brand Names / Alternatives

Reglan
Metozolv ODT
Generic name: Metoclopramide