Azathioprine

Azathioprine 25mg, 50mg, 100mg
Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive medication often used to treat autoimmune diseases, organ transplant recipients, and certain types of inflammatory conditions. It works by inhibiting the production of DNA and RNA, thereby reducing the activity of the immune system to prevent it from attacking the body’s own tissues. Commonly prescribed for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease, Azathioprine helps to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of organ rejection.
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Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive medication used primarily to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients and to treat various autoimmune diseases. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of purines, which are essential for the proliferation of cells, especially lymphocytes, and thus suppresses the immune response.
Uses / Indications
- Organ transplantation (e.g., kidney transplants)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Crohn’s disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
- Certain dermatological conditions, such as pemphigus vulgaris
Dosage and Administration
Adults:
Initial dose typically ranges from 1 to 3 mg/kg/day, adjusted according to clinical response and laboratory findings.
Children:
Dosage is based on body weight and specific medical condition, generally around 1.5 to 3 mg/kg/day.
Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s advice.
How It Works (Mechanism of Action)
Azathioprine is converted to 6-mercaptopurine in the body, which interferes with the synthesis of DNA and RNA in immune cells, reducing their proliferation. This effect helps to lower the activity of the immune system, making it effective in preventing rejection in transplant patients and managing autoimmune disorders.
Side Effects
Common side effects:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
Rare/serious side effects:
- Increased risk of infection
- Liver toxicity (jaundice)
- Bone marrow suppression (leading to anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia)
- Allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.
Precautions / Warnings
- Tell your doctor if you have a history of liver disease, kidney problems, or infections.
- Regular monitoring of blood counts (CBC) is essential to detect potential bone marrow suppression.
- Use caution if combining with other immunosuppressive medications or undergoing live vaccinations.
Drug Interactions
May interact with:
- Allopurinol (may increase azathioprine levels)
- Certain antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycosides, which may influence immune response)
- Other immunosuppressants
- Warfarin (may affect blood clotting)
Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.
Storage Instructions
- Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
- Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
- Keep out of reach of children
Missed Dose / Overdose
Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.
Overdose symptoms:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Severe fatigue
- Skin rash or itching
- Breathing difficulties
Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.
Contraindications
- Allergic to Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine
- Severe liver disease or active infections
Brand Names / Alternatives
- Imuran
- Azasan
- Generic name: Azathioprine