Cilostazol

Description

Cilostazol is an oral medication used primarily to improve symptoms of intermittent claudication, a condition characterized by pain or cramping in the legs due to inadequate blood flow. It works by inhibiting platelet aggregation and promoting vasodilation, allowing for increased blood flow to the extremities during physical activity.

Uses / Indications

• Intermittent claudication due to peripheral artery disease
• Improvement of walking distance and reduction of pain associated with leg ischemia
• Adjunctive therapy in certain cases of ischemic heart disease

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
100 mg twice daily, taken at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after meals.

Note: Dosage may vary based on medical condition or doctor’s recommendation.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Cilostazol works by selectively inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3), which leads to an increase in intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. This process results in vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation, thereby enhancing blood flow and reducing claudication symptoms during exercise.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Headache
• Diarrhea
• Palpitations
• Dizziness

Rare/serious side effects:

• Chest pain
• Heart failure (worsening symptoms)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, breathing difficulties)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Inform your doctor if you have a history of heart failure or cardiac arrhythmias
• Use caution if taking other medications that may affect heart rhythm or blood pressure
• Not recommended for use in patients with severe heart failure

Drug Interactions

Cilostazol may interact with:

• Other anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents
• Medications that inhibit CYP450 enzymes (e.g., erythromycin, ketoconazole)
• Certain antihypertensive medications

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe headache
• Increased heart rate
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or fainting

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Cilostazol or any of its components
• Heart failure
• Severe hepatic impairment

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Pletal
• Generic name: Cilostazol