Sumatriptan

Description

Sumatriptan is a medication commonly prescribed to treat acute migraine attacks and cluster headaches. It belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans, functioning by stimulating serotonin receptors in the brain, thereby helping to relieve headache symptoms.

Uses / Indications

• Acute treatment of migraine attacks
• Acute treatment of cluster headaches
• Reduced sensitivity to light and sound during a migraine
• Nausea associated with migraines

Dosage and Administration

Adults:
50 mg to 100 mg administered as a single oral dose, which can be repeated after 2 hours if needed, but do not exceed 200 mg in 24 hours.

For injection:
6 mg administered subcutaneously, which may be repeated after 1 hour, not to exceed 12 mg in 24 hours.

Note: Dosage may vary based on individual medical conditions or doctor’s advice.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

Sumatriptan works by selectively agonizing serotonin (5-HT) receptors in the cranial blood vessels, leading to vasoconstriction and alleviation of migraine symptoms. This action helps return blood flow to normal, effectively relieving headache pain.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Headache (paradoxically, can occur after initial relief)
• Dizziness or drowsiness
• Nausea
• Tingling or numbness

Rare/serious side effects:

• Chest pain or tightness
• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, trouble breathing)

Seek medical attention if serious side effects occur.

Precautions / Warnings

• Do not use if you have a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or have had a stroke
• Notify your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding
• Avoid using with other migraine treatments unless directed by your healthcare provider

Drug Interactions

May interact with:

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Certain antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs)
• Other triptans or migraine medications
• Ergot-containing medications

Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications or supplements you’re taking.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F)
• Keep away from moisture, heat, and direct light
• Keep out of reach of children

Missed Dose / Overdose

Missed a dose?
Sumatriptan is typically used as needed, so there’s no regular dosing schedule. If you miss a dose for chronic use, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next dose, skip the missed one and continue as prescribed.

Overdose symptoms:

• Severe headache or confusion
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Difficulty breathing
• Unusual sensations (tingling or numbness)

Contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindications

• Allergic to Sumatriptan or any of its components
• History of heart disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure
• Use of MAOIs within the last two weeks

Brand Names / Alternatives

• Imitrex
• Sumavel DosePro
• Zembrace SymTouch
• Generics: Sumatriptan